Securing data

I apologize if this question is off topic. I was hoping someone can point me in the right direction or offer any help.

I’m not very familiar with security used to transfer data over the internet and was looking for any information, processes and current technologies used to secure data transfers over the web.

The scenario I’m looking at currently is securing documents that will be filled out and submitted to a database. The information in the documents is confidential and needs to be sent securely. Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.
-Dman100-