I am split over the affirmative action program. I am going to use African Americans in most of the examples because I am more familiar with some of the issues surrounding them.
I am for it for the following reasons:
It gives many african americans, native americans, mexicans, and other historically/economically weaker ethnic groups a chance to enter into a world that would otherwise be denied to them. Many come from families where the highest level of education achieved may be a high school education. A college degree not only verses one in a profession but also exposes that individual to a whole new level of thinking and social interaction. Having economic freedom increases your chances of living better, fulfilling lives. After all, only when the basic necessities are met does one move away from thinking about oneself and toward thinking about the general welfare of others. AA provides a great opportunity for underpriviliged individuals to better their situations through an education, job preference, etc.
I am against it for the following reasons:
Like others have mentioned, there are numerous groups of individuals who are not included in aa. It would not be fair for an underpriviliged white individual to not be able to get into college just because of his/her ethnicity. Upuaut’s idea of deciding based on income is probably the best method.
In the long run, I doubt AA will benefit majority of the minorities like it is intended to. When majority of underprivileged minorities (esp. African Americans living in the inner cities) come from broken families filled with domestic violence and alcohol/drug abuse, an education or a job is probably the last thing on their minds. Kids are a good representation of their parents. When their parents or single parent is negligent and careless in their behavior, the children will begin to accept such behavior as normal. No amount of teachers or federal aid or preference in selection/hiring will help in changing such destructive behaviors. The environment affects how an individual develops through life.
The minorities who work hard will be able to get in to a college of their choice without having to rely on AA. Majority of the colleges in the US are fairly easy to get into, and even minimum educational requirement will grant you admission. Depending on your income level, scholarship or funding requirements will be determined. This will hopefully ensure that income level instead of ethnicity will be used instead.
Programs such as this only do one thing in my opinion: they give the notion that race can be used as an excuse for underperformance. The last thing we need is another excuse for lax performance. I agree that racial backgrounds play a role, but all races at one time or another have suffered at the hands of another race. In early America, many immigrant families from Europe had to struggle, but through hard work and determination they survived. If AA had existed back then, European immigrants would still be working in underground textile mills for minimal pay.
Cheers!
Kirupa 